Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C).
In a large skillet, brown the ground beef over medium heat until fully cooked, about 5-7 minutes.
Add the chopped onion and minced garlic to the skillet, cooking until softened, about 3-4 minutes.
Stir in the black beans, enchilada sauce, cumin, chili powder, salt, and pepper. Let simmer for 5 minutes.
Layer the bottom of a 9x13 inch baking dish with four of the corn tortillas, cutting them if necessary to fit.
Spread half of the beef mixture over the tortillas and sprinkle with a third of the cheese.
Add another layer of tortillas, followed by the remaining beef mixture and another third of the cheese.
Top with the final layer of tortillas and the remaining cheese.
Cover with foil and bake for 20 minutes. Then remove the foil and bake for an additional 10-15 minutes until cheese is bubbly and golden.
Let the casserole rest for 10 minutes before serving.